It is the height of the free surface of water above a given point beneath the surface. Hydraulic head (or piezometric head) is a specific measurement of the potential of water above a vertical datum.Groundwater is water located beneath the earth's surface in pores and fractures of soil and rocks.Cone of depression is a conically-shaped depression that is produced in a water table as a result of pumping water from a well at a given rate.Aquifer test (or a pumping test) is a field experiment in which a well is pumped at a controlled rate and the aquifer's response (drawdown) is measured in one or more observation wells.Aquifer is an underground layer of permeable rock or sand, that hold or transmit groundwater below the water table that yield a significant supply of water to a well.regional seasonal decline due to discharge in excess of recharge.in response to local, intensive groundwater pumping.interference from a neighbouring pumping bore.The main contributor to groundwater drawdown since the 1960s is over-exploitation of groundwater resources. A record of hydraulic head, or rate of flow ( discharge), versus time is more generally called a hydrograph (in both groundwater and surface water). Drawdown is often represented in cross-sectional diagrams of aquifers. In either case, drawdown is the change in hydraulic head or water level relative to the initial spatial and temporal conditions of the system.
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